Disinfection of Legionella from Water Distribution System

Zhang Z, McCann C, Hanrahan J, Jencson A, Joyce D, Fyffe S, Piesczynski S, Hawks R, Stout JE, Yu VL. Legionella control by chlorine dioxide in hospital water systems. JAWWA, 2009, 101(5): 117-127.

Chen, YS, Liu, YC, Lee, SS, Tsai, HC, Wann SR, Kao, CH, Chang, CL, Huang, WK, Huang, TS, Chao, HL, Li, CH, Ke, CM, Lin, Y. E.* Superheat-and-Flush and Disinfection of Taps for Legionella Disinfection: Lessons Learned from Failure. American Journal of Infection Control, 2005, 33(10):606-610.

Stout JE., Yu VL. Experiences of the First 16 Hospitals Using Copper-Silver Ionization for Legionella Control: Implications for the Evaluation of Other Disinfection Modalities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003 Aug;24(8):563-8.

Zhang Z, Stout JE, Yu VL, Vidic R. Effect of pipe corrosion scales on chlorine dioxide consumption in drinking water distribution systems. Water Res. 2008 Jan;42(1-2):129-36.

Liu Z, Lin YE, Stout JE, Hwang CC, Vidic RD, Yu VL. Effect of flow regimes on the presence of Legionella within the biofilm of a model plumbing system. J Appl Microbiol. 2006;101:437-42.

Zhang Z, McCann C, Stout JE, Piesczynski S, Hawks R, Vidic R, Yu VL. Safety and efficacy of chlorine dioxide for legionella control in a hospital water system. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Aug;28(8):1009-12.

Sheffer PJ, Stout JE, Wagener MM, Muder RR. Efficacy of new point-of-use water filter for preventing exposure to Legionella and waterborne bacteria. Am J Infect Control. 2005 Jun;33(5 Suppl 1):S20-5.

Sidari FP III, Stout JE, VanBriesen JM, Bowman AM, Grubb D , Neuner A, Wagener MM, Yu VL. 2004. Keeping Legionella out of water systems. JAWWA, 96(1):111-119.

Lin Yu, Vidic, RD, Stout JE, Yu VL. Legionella in water distribution systems., JAWWA, 1998:90, 112-121.

Stout, J. E., Lin, Y. E., Goetz, A. M., Muder, R. R. "Controlling Legionella in Hospital Water Systems: Experience with the Superheat-and-flush Method and Copper/Silver Ionization" Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 19, 911-194, 1998

Allegheny County Health Department, Approaches of prevention and control of Legionella infection in Allegheny county health care facilities, Allegheny County Health Department, Jan, 1997.

Liu Z, Stout JE, Tedesco L, Boldin M, Hwang C, Diven WF, Yu VL. Controlled evaluation of coppersilver ionization in eradicating Legionella from a hospital water distribution system. J Infect Dis 1994; 169:919922.

Lin YSE, Vidic RD, Stout JE, Yu VL.  Individual and combined effects of copper and silver and silver ions on inactivation of Legionella pneumophila.  Water Research 1996; 8:905-913.

Liu Z, Stout JE, Boldin M, Rugh J, Diven WF, Yu VL.  Intermittent use of copper-silver ionization for Legionella control in water distribution systems: a potential option in buildings housing low risk individuals. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:138-140.

Lin YE, Stout JE, Yu VL.  Disinfection of water distribution systems for Legionella. Semin Resp Infect, 1998;13:147-159.

Lin YSE, Stout JE, Vidic R, Yu VL. Negative effect of high pH on biocidal efficacy of copper and silver ions in controlling Legionella pneumophila. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:2711-2715.

 

Best M, Goetz A, Yu VL.  Heat eradication measures for control of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease: implication, education, and costanalysis.  Amer J Infect Control 1984;12:2630.

Stout J, Best M, Yu VL. Susceptibility of members of the family Legionellaceae to thermal stress: implications for heat eradication methods in water distribution systems.?Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 52:396399.

Muraca P, Stout J, Yu VL. Comparative assessment of chlorine, heat, ozone, and ultraviolet light for killing of Legionella pneumophila within a model plumbing system. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:447453.

Yu VL, Liu Z, Stout JE, Goetz A.  Legionella disinfection of water distribution systems:?principles, problems, and practice. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993; 14:567570.

Liu Z, Stout JE, Tedesco L, Boldin M, Hwang C, Yu VL.  Efficacy of ultraviolet light on the disinfection of Legionella in a hospital water distribution system. Water Research 1995; 29:2275-2228.

Goetz A, Yu VL.  Copper-silver ionization: cautious optimism for Legionella disinfection and implications for environmental culturing. Am J Infect Control 1997;25:449-451.

Goetz A, Yu VL.  Legionella.?In:?APIC and Applied Epidemiology: Principles and Practice.?Infection Control. Mosby, 1996.

Lin YSE, Vidic R, Stout JE, McCartney CA, Yu VL. Inactivation of mycobacterium avium by copper and silver ions. Water Res 1998;32:1997-2000.

Stout JE, Yu, VL. Legionella in the hospital water supply: a plea for decision making based on evidence-based medicine. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:670-672

Sidari FP, Stout JE, VanBriesen JM, Bowman AM, Grubb D, Neuner A, Wagener MM, Yu VL. Chlorine dioxide as a disinfection method for Legionella control. J Amer Water Works Assoc 2004; 96:111-119